# Schumann Resonance

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Category | OT |
| Difficulty | Medium |
| Points | 400 |
| Author | Eun0us |
| CTF | Espilon 2026 |

---

## Description

The building management system at Tachibana General Laboratories runs BACnet/IP for
environmental monitoring. Sub-basement 7 was decommissioned years ago, but its BACnet
device is still broadcasting.

The device description mentions "Schumann Monitoring Station." Some objects carry unusual
properties.

Enumerate the device. Read every property. The resonance frequency holds the key.

- BACnet/IP: `udp/<host>:47808`

Format: **ESPILON{flag}**

---

## TL;DR

Discover BACnet device 783 via WhoIs (device ID = Schumann frequency 7.83 Hz × 100).
XOR key = `0x0783`. Decode 7 fragment descriptions (hex-encoded XOR'd strings) to reconstruct
the flag. Alternatively: write `7.83` to AnalogValue:10 to activate the Resonance_Lock and
have the flag written automatically to CharStringValue:200.

---

## Tools

| Tool | Purpose |
|------|---------|
| Python 3 + `BAC0` | BACnet/IP discovery and read/write |
| XOR arithmetic | Decode fragment hex strings |

---

## Solution

### Step 1 — Device discovery

Send a BACnet WhoIs broadcast to port 47808:

```python
import BAC0

bacnet = BAC0.lite(ip="<YOUR_IP>/24")
bacnet.whois()
# → Device:783 "Tachibana-ENV-SB7"
```

Device instance **783** → 7.83 Hz → **Schumann Resonance**.

![BACnet WhoIs response showing Device:783](https://git.espilon.net/Eun0us/ESPILON-CTF-2026-Writeups/raw/branch/main/screens/schumann_whois.png)

### Step 2 — Enumerate objects

Read the object-list from Device:783:

| Object | Name | Note |
|--------|------|------|
| AnalogInput:0-3 | Temp, Humidity, Pressure, CO2 | Normal sensors |
| AnalogInput:4 | EMF_Resonance = 7.83 | Description = "PROTOCOL_SEVEN_CARRIER" |
| AnalogValue:10 | Freq_Multiplier = 0.0 | Writable! Hint: "set to Schumann harmonic" |
| AnalogValue:11-17 | Fragment_0 through Fragment_6 | Descriptions = hex strings |
| BinaryValue:100 | Resonance_Lock | inactive |
| CharStringValue:200 | Research_Log | "Access Denied" |

![object list showing Fragment objects and their hex descriptions](https://git.espilon.net/Eun0us/ESPILON-CTF-2026-Writeups/raw/branch/main/screens/schumann_fragments.png)

### Step 3 — Identify the XOR key

Device instance = 783 → 7.83 Hz → XOR key = `0x0783` (2-byte big-endian).

Key bytes: `[0x07, 0x83]` applied cyclically.

### Step 4 — Decode fragments (manual path)

Read the `description` property of each Fragment AnalogValue:

```python
fragments = []
for i in range(7):
    desc = bacnet.read(f"783 analogValue {11+i} description")
    enc = bytes.fromhex(desc)
    key = (0x07, 0x83)
    dec = bytes(b ^ key[j % 2] for j, b in enumerate(enc))
    fragments.append(dec.decode())

flag = "".join(fragments)
print(flag)
```

![decoded fragment strings concatenating into the flag](https://git.espilon.net/Eun0us/ESPILON-CTF-2026-Writeups/raw/branch/main/screens/schumann_decode.png)

### Step 5 — Activate (alternative path)

Write the Schumann frequency to AnalogValue:10:

```python
bacnet.write(f"783 analogValue 10 presentValue 7.83")
```

This sets BinaryValue:100 (Resonance_Lock) to active and writes the flag to
CharStringValue:200 (Research_Log).

Read the flag:

```python
flag = bacnet.read(f"783 characterstringValue 200 presentValue")
print(flag)
```

![Research_Log returning the flag after Resonance_Lock activation](https://git.espilon.net/Eun0us/ESPILON-CTF-2026-Writeups/raw/branch/main/screens/schumann_flag.png)

### Key concepts

- BACnet device instance 783 = `7.83` × 100 — the Schumann resonance frequency (7.83 Hz)
- `AnalogInput:4` description "PROTOCOL_SEVEN_CARRIER" is a lore reference and key derivation hint
- BACnet has no authentication — ReadProperty/WriteProperty work without credentials
- Two solve paths: manual fragment decode OR write the magic value and read the result

---

## Flag

`ESPILON{sch0m4nn_r3s0n4nc3_783}`
