ESPILON-CTF-2026-Writeups/OT/Protocol_Seven

Protocol Seven

Field	Value
Category	OT
Difficulty	Hard
Points	600
Author	Eun0us
CTF	Espilon 2026

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Description

Eiri Masami split Protocol Seven across three industrial control systems before his death. The encryption key hides in BACnet harmonics. The encrypted payload lives on OPC-UA. The initialization vector is stored in an EtherNet/IP controller.

No single system reveals the truth. Cross-reference all three protocols. Reconstruct Protocol Seven.

Become one with the Wired.

Ports:

• 47809/udp: BACnet/IP
• 4841/tcp: OPC-UA Binary
• 44819/tcp: EtherNet/IP

Format: ESPILON{flag}

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TL;DR

Read 8 BACnet AnalogValue harmonics (integer parts spell Eiri_Key). Read OPC-UA for the 32-byte encrypted payload and hints pointing to BACnet and EtherNet/IP. Read EtherNet/IP for the rotation nonce (3). XOR the payload with the 8-byte repeating key, then rotate right by the nonce to recover the flag.

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Tools

Tool	Purpose
Python 3 + BAC0	BACnet/IP read
Python 3 + asyncua	OPC-UA anonymous read
Python 3 + cpppo	EtherNet/IP tag read

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Solution

Step 1 — Port discovery

nmap -sU -p 47809 <HOST>    # BACnet
nmap -p 4841,44819 <HOST>   # OPC-UA, EtherNet/IP

All three ports are open.

Layer 1 — BACnet key extraction

import BAC0

bacnet = BAC0.lite(ip="<YOUR_IP>/24")
bacnet.whois("*:47809")
# → Device:7777 "Protocol-Seven-Key"

Device description: "Key Harmonic Array — integer components matter"

Read all 8 harmonics:

harmonics = []
for i in range(8):
    val = bacnet.read(f"7777 analogValue {i} presentValue")
    harmonics.append(int(val))  # truncate float to integer

Object	presentValue	int	Char
AnalogValue:0	69.14	69	E
AnalogValue:1	105.92	105	i
AnalogValue:2	114.37	114	r
AnalogValue:3	105.68	105	i
AnalogValue:4	95.44	95	_
AnalogValue:5	75.81	75	K
AnalogValue:6	101.22	101	e
AnalogValue:7	121.55	121	y

XOR key = Eiri_Key

Layer 2 — OPC-UA payload extraction

import asyncio
from asyncua import Client

async def get_payload():
    async with Client("opc.tcp://<HOST>:4841/protocol7/") as c:
        ns_array = await c.get_namespace_array()
        # Find urn:protocol-seven:payload
        ns = ns_array.index("urn:protocol-seven:payload")

        vault = await c.nodes.root.get_child(
            [f"0:Objects", f"{ns}:Protocol7_Vault"])

        payload = await vault.get_child(f"{ns}:Payload_Encrypted")
        iv_hint = await vault.get_child(f"{ns}:IV_Hint")

        return (await payload.get_value()), (await iv_hint.get_value())

payload_bytes, iv_hint = asyncio.run(get_payload())
# iv_hint: "Rotation offset from CIP controller — read NONCE tag"

Layer 3 — EtherNet/IP nonce extraction

from cpppo.server.enip.get_attribute import proxy_simple as device

with device(host="<HOST>", port=44819) as via:
    nonce = via.read("NONCE")   # = 3
    check = [via.read(f"Assembly_Check[{i}]") for i in range(3)]
    # check = [47809, 4841, 44819]  confirms all three ports

Rotation nonce = 3

Decryption

key   = b"Eiri_Key"
nonce = 3

# Step 1: XOR with repeating 8-byte key
xored = bytes(payload_bytes[i] ^ key[i % 8] for i in range(32))

# Step 2: rotate right by nonce (undo left rotation used during encryption)
flag_bytes = xored[-nonce:] + xored[:-nonce]

flag = flag_bytes.rstrip(b'\x00').decode()
print(flag)

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Key insights

• Device description "integer components matter" directs you to truncate float to int
• OPC-UA hints explicitly name BACnet and EtherNet/IP as sources for key and nonce
• Assembly_Check = [47809, 4841, 44819] confirms the three-protocol architecture
• Eiri_Key (8 chars = 64-bit) as the XOR key is a lore-consistent choice

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Flag

ESPILON{pr0t0c0l_7_m3rg3_c0mpl3t3}