6a0877384d
- Remove undeployed challenges: Phantom_Byte, Cr4cK_w1f1, Lain_Br34kC0r3 V1, Lain_VS_Knights, Lets_All_Love_UART, AETHER_NET, Last_Train_451, Web3/ - Sync 24 solve/ files from main CTF-Espilon repo - Update all READMEs with real CTFd final scores at freeze - Add git-header.png banner - Rewrite README: scoreboard top 10, edition stats (1410 users, 264 boards, 1344 solves), correct freeze date March 26 2026
85 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
85 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
# Operating Room -- Solution
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## Overview
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Modbus TCP server simulating a hospital operating room control system.
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The player must discover the correct unit ID, map the registers, reverse
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the XOR-encoded state machine, and execute 6 timed transitions.
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## Steps
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### 1. Discover Unit ID
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Scan Modbus unit IDs (slave addresses). The server only responds to **unit ID 13**.
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Default unit ID 1 returns Modbus exceptions.
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```python
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from pymodbus.client import ModbusTcpClient
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client = ModbusTcpClient("HOST")
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client.connect()
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for uid in range(1, 20):
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r = client.read_holding_registers(0, 1, slave=uid)
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if not r.isError():
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print(f"Unit ID {uid} responds!")
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```
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### 2. Map Registers
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Read holding registers 0-255 on unit 13:
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- **Registers 0-19**: Operating room telemetry (temperature, humidity, pressure, O2, etc.)
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- **Register 13**: `0x4C4E` ("LN" -- Lain easter egg)
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- **Register 19**: `0x0D13` -- this is the XOR key
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- **Registers 100-105**: State machine (state, encoded hint, timer, transitions, error, key)
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- **Register 105**: `0x0D13` -- XOR key copy (confirms reg 19)
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- **Register 110**: Write target (trigger register)
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- **Registers 200-215**: All zeros (flag area, populated after completion)
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### 3. Understand the State Machine
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- Register 100 = current state (starts at 0)
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- Register 101 = encoded hint
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- Register 105 = XOR key (0x0D13)
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- Decode: `expected_value = reg_101 XOR 0x0D13`
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- Write `expected_value` to register 110 to advance the state
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- Each transition must happen before register 102 (timer) reaches 0
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### 4. Execute Transitions
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| State | Subsystem | Decoded Value | Source |
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|-------|-----------|--------------|--------|
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| 0 | HVAC | 220 | reg 0 (temperature) |
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| 1 | Pressure | 15 | reg 2 (pressure) |
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| 2 | O2 | 50 | reg 3 (O2 flow) |
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| 3 | Ventilation | 1200 | reg 4 (fan RPM) |
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| 4 | Lighting | 800 | reg 5 (lux) |
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| 5 | Safety | 4919 (0x1337) | special |
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### 5. Read Flag
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After all 6 transitions, register 100 = 7 (complete).
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Read registers 200-215 and decode uint16 pairs to ASCII.
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```python
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regs = client.read_holding_registers(200, 16, slave=13).registers
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flag = ""
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for val in regs:
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if val == 0:
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break
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flag += chr((val >> 8) & 0xFF) + chr(val & 0xFF)
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print(flag)
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```
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## Key Insights
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- XOR key `0x0D13` is stored in two places (reg 19 and reg 105) as a breadcrumb
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- The decoded values for states 0-4 match the current telemetry readings
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- State 5 uses the special value `0x1337` (hacker reference)
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- Wrong writes or timeouts reset the state machine to 0
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## Flag
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`ESPILON{m0dbu5_0p3r4t1ng_r00m}`
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## Author
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Eun0us
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